Schools and libraries lighting design

1. Requirements for
School LightingThe purpose of school lighting is to provide a good lighting environment for the visual work of school education, meet the visual homework requirements of students and teachers, protect eyesight, and improve teaching and learning efficiency.

Schools should focus on daytime teaching, but evening classes and self-study activities should also be taken into account. In addition to natural lighting, classrooms must also be artificially lit. These lighting fixtures are switched on and off in zones to make up for the lack of natural lighting. On sunny days, curtains or blinds should be installed to protect the health of your eyesight due to direct sunlight shining into the classroom.

In addition to meeting the requirements of visual operations, school lighting should also be safe, reliable, easy to maintain and overhaul, and in harmony with the environment.

2. Lighting in ordinary classrooms

(1) Illumination standard
: The illumination standard of school buildings can be selected according to Table 5-1. However, the illumination standard of classrooms for adults to attend evening classes and ordinary classrooms of higher education institutions can be raised by one level. The classroom blackboard is vertical illumination, and its vertical average illumination is not less than 200LX, and the uniformity is above the average illumination of the classroom, and the uniformity is more than 0.7.

Table 5-1 Illumination standards for school buildings

Note: The illumination standard of this table is extracted from the GBJ99-86 architectural design standard for primary and secondary schools, and the values in the table are intermediate values. For ordinary classrooms in colleges and universities, the illumination value is 150-300lx, and the uniformity is not less than 0.7, which is extracted from JGJ/T16-92 Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings. However, according to the International Commission on Illumination lighting standards, the illuminance is more than twice as high as the above standards.

(2) GUIHAI T5 or T8 straight tube fluorescent lamps are recommended for
classroom lighting, which have high light efficiency, good light color, low brightness, and are easy to meet the requirements of illumination uniformity.

(3) The selection
of lamps and lanterns should be GUIHAI open illumination lamps with a certain protection angle and an efficiency of not less than 75%, or GUIHAI bat airfoil, which can reduce the light intensity distribution of the light curtain reflection area and the glare area, reduce the interference of glare, especially the light curtain reflection, and increase the light intensity distribution of the effective area, so that the effective utilization rate of the output light flux of the lamp is greatly improved.

It is not advisable to use lamps with high brightness or full mirror control masks. Ordinary classrooms are not large, so it is advisable to use GUIHAI single-tube or double-tube fluorescent lamps, which are easier to achieve uniform illumination and energy saving.

(4) The arrangement
of lamps and lanterns depends on the size of the classroom and the direction of the arrangement of the desks, and the long axis direction of the general lamps and lanterns is arranged in parallel with the direction of the students' line of sight, which has the following advantages:
a) uniform illumination and light reflection of the light curtain;
b) For the lamps with small protection angles, direct glare can be reduced;
c) Set the lights to be in the same direction as natural light, which is good as auxiliary lighting and can avoid shadows;
d) The orientation of the lamps is the same as the direction of the students' line of sight, the sense of spatial direction is good, and it is easy to focus attention on the blackboard;
e) The brightness distribution should be uniform and reasonable. The hanging height of the lamp has a certain impact on the lighting effect. In order to ensure uniformity, the pitch-to-height ratio (L/H) should be greater than the maximum allowable distance-to-height ratio of the lamps used (A-A, B-B directions should be checked separately). If the above conditions cannot be met, the lamp can be adjusted, or the lamp can be changed to meet the requirements.

(5) If only general lighting is set up in the
blackboard lighting classroom, the vertical illumination of the blackboard will be very low and the uniformity will be poor. Therefore, special lamps should be set up for the blackboard to illuminate, and the lighting requirements are:

A. It is advisable to use special lamps with asymmetrical light intensity distribution characteristics. The protective angle of the lamp on the student's side should be greater than 40°, so that the student does not feel direct glare.

B. Blackboard lighting should not produce direct glare for teachers and should not produce reflected glare for students. In the design, the hanging height of the lamp and the distance from the blackboard wall should be reasonably determined.